When TB is compared to HIV, researchers believe they are a lethal combination because they can speed up the disease progression. In 2012 about 320 000 people died of HIV-associated TB and almost 25% of deaths among people with HIV are due to TB (WHO, 2013).
The image below shows the positive TB cases in relationship to poverty levels in Cambodia.
Source: http://www.wpro.who.int/wpsar/volumes/04/1/2013_OR_Wong/en/
VECTOR
There is no known vector for Tuberculosis because it is an air-borne disease spread person to person (WHO, 2013).
STIGMA
Individuals with Tuberculosis in India experience rejection as well as social isolation. They carry a burden of being shunned. And because of stigma surrounding TB, individuals most of the time hide their illnesses, which forces them to miss and seek appropriate treatment. Individuals with TB in India miss these needed treatments because they are afraid of people knowing about their illnesses and are even afraid to let their family members know. Because TB in India is highly look down upon because of the misconceptions that TB is contagious through normal everyday contact such as handshaking and sharing food. Therefore, the stigma around TB in India is a huge problem especially for people who are suffering from it (Mathew, 2007).
Source: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/45/9/1247.full
DISCOURSE
One of the main ideas or beliefs associated with TB is that once you get the disease it easier to become sick with HIV. The opposite is true because people who are infected with HIV are actually 30 times more likely to develop active TB disease than people without HIV (WHO, 2013). The main concerns for people who are suffering from HIV is the increased risk of developing Tuberculosis. The advertisement below was used to warn people about the increase risk for developing TB when someone is already infected with HIV.
Source: http://www.kashmirnewz.com/n000222.html
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Tuberculosis is considered a infectious disease because it can be transmitted from person to person through the air. According to the World Health Organization people who are sick with TB can infect almost 10-15 other people by being in close contact with them over the span of one year (WHO, 2013). Without proper treatment up to two thirds of people ill with TB will die (WHO, 2013).
The image below show the transmission of TB from person to person.
Source: http://www.parish-without-borders.net/cditt/cambodia/politics/graphics/tuberculosis.jpg
DISEASE BURDEN
The prevalence of TB in India is 400/100,000. The burden of TB in rural areas accounts for 2,1% while in rural areas the burden of disease is 1.2%. The burden of disease in India concerning TB accounts for many deaths, financial costs, and a lost of healthy life years. The disease of burden among populations such as age, class, and access to resources are not all equal.
Source: http://www.who.int/macrohealth/action/NCMH_Burden%20of%20disease_%2829%20Sep%202005%29.pdf
GOVERMENTALITY
In the early 1990s Cambodia's government and health system was badly broken and nearly non-existent due to civil war and the Khmer Rouge. As a result TB ran rampant and spread fairly unchecked. Since then there has been a move by the government & new health system to bring TB levels down by spreading awareness, branching treatment out to rural areas (not keeping just to hospitals), and providing free TB treatment.
In the USA, and other developed countries, the expectation for TB includes testing for TB via under-the-skin injection and reading of symptoms and chest x-rays. We also are hyper aware of TB treatment and healthcare providers wear special filtering masks called N95s. All these TB interventions are fairly regulated. True govenmentality influence on us regarding TB is difficult to assess as TB is not as common in more developed countries.
Sources:
World Health Organization. (2010).The association between household poverty rates and tuberculosis case notification rates in Cambodia. Retrieved from: http://www.wpro.who.int/wpsar/volumes/04/1/2013_OR_Wong/en/
World Health Organization. (2012). Cambodia turns a TB health crisis into an opportunity. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/features/2012/tb_cambodia/en/
World Health Organization. (2013). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/
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